The Carbon Diaries

Browsing the teenage fiction section of the library the other day,  I came across The Carbon Diaries 2015 by Saci Lloyd.  I borrowed it, planning to read a few pages and then pass it on to my sons (16 and nearly 13) but it proved impossible to rip it from my cold green hands until I’d got to the end.

The novel, as suggested by the title, is set in 2015 when, following storms which have devastated our western coasts, the U.K. is the first nation to bring in carbon rationing.   It is narrated by Laura, a middle class sixth former from Greenwich in South London who plays bass in a straight edge punk band, argues with her parents and elder sister and is falling in love with the boy next door.  The author is a teacher at a sixth form college and knows her environment well, with a few touches (the iPod has mutated into an ePod; a new quasi-anarchist hydro symbol is being scratched onto petrol cars) to remind us that the story is set a few years (but only a few) in the future.  The love story is predictable, Jane Austen’s old favourite, and Laura’s dysfunctional parents distinctly George and Pauline Moleish (is it ever possible for  teenage diaries to avoid echoes of Adrian?)  but these don’t really matter, as the focus is upon the events surrounding the characters rather than their individual characteristics.

The story begins gently, with Mum’s attempts to negotiate the bus, their central heating being turned down and the family’s cuisine morphing from Waitrose ready meals to locally-grown carrots.  Pretty soon, however, we’re into a summer of heatwave and drought, paralysing power outages,  riots, torrential rains and the flooding of large parts of London.  Meanwhile Laura’s cousin reports of the catastrophe wreaked by a hurricane across the western U.S.  and we watch as European riot police strike down climate change protestors from Rome to Brussels.  It’s all very much more than plausible; the virtually inevitable migration of catastrophes that are already taking place in the majority world.

The book, and its sequel, The Carbon Diaries 2017, are to be filmed for the BBC, so there will no doubt be much discussion (and dismissive contempt from the usual ‘sceptics’) of  Saci Lloyd’s  not-quite dystopia.  Meanwhile I’ll be interested to see what our boys make of it…

Sticky fingers

The extraction of so-called oil from tar sands is one of the most unpleasant, extravagant and destructive activities to be carried out anywhere at any time.  So how comforting to know that the (84% publicly owned) RBS thinks it’s a good place to invest our money.  (A fund for climate chaos, in today’s Guardian).  Joined-up government in action?

Inspiration

I went to see Newton Faulkner in Belfast on Sunday night – a fantastic gig, and he finished with a few wise, realistic but optimistic words about climate change, and this song from his new album.  If only the world could be filled with Newtons….

When in Rome (updated February 21st)

(From The Pen & Inkblog on our rejigged and refurbished Crystal Bard Books site)

Usually we order most of our Italian books direct from the publishers, or from our friendly Italian wholesaler, but a couple of times a year I go to buy a few in person, to see what’s popular in the bookshops and to add to our second-hand collection. When possible I go by train, but starting in Northern Ireland, with a largish chunk of sea to navigate before even reaching St Pancras, it tends to be cumbersome and expensive. ( Perhaps we should launch a carbon offset scheme whereby our customers fly and drive with squeaky-clean consciences while paying me to take the train? It would be more practical than a lot of such wheezes, but I somehow doubt whether it would catch on.) Anyway, the trains and ferries resolutely refused to mesh together this time, so I flew with Aer Lingus from Dublin to Rome.

As always, the trip began with a long bus journey (we don’t have a car, either for business or pleasure and your packages are taken to the post office on foot or by bike. Often this one.) One of the oddities of Irish geography is that the direct route from Donegal in the Republic of Ireland to Dublin, its capital (as any fule kno*), is through Enniskillen in Northern Ireland. Consequently, we in Enniskillen can take the (now really quite regular) service with Bus Eireann, the Irish state bus company, and pay the driver in euro, which makes us feel quite cosmopolitan. I like travelling by bus here, the combination of ease, mild eccentricity and potential chaos which makes Ireland, like Italy, interesting if not invariably comfortable.

Dublin airport, sadly, is neither interesting nor particularly comfortable, especially when my flight leaves at seven in the morning, and I don’t feel like paying for an entire night at a hotel for a few paltry hours.  Luckily I find an unoccupied banquette in the food hall and clutch at a little sporadic sleep, interrupted by headmistressy security announcements and the most appaling musak I’ve ever heard: covers by a girl band who, though they screeched more or less in tune, seem to have encountered human emotion nowhere outside a Vulcan tourist guide.  But then, it came from the direction of McDonald’s, so perhaps it shouldn’t have been such a surprise.

The plane journey next morning was a plain journey, as is, probably, the best that can be hoped for.

In Rome it was raining, fairly hard.  It does rain in Italy, at least for the moment, until we manage to turn the Mediterranean into a total desert, though somehow that’s the bit of memory that tends to go blank at suitcase-packing time.  Fortunately I’ve been in Italy for long enough to recall some quite spectacular soakings and had a compact umbrella almost handy,  stowed away beneath a small warehouse full of bubble wrap.  (Lest this should give a false impression of impressive forethought, I should mention here that several small but essential items of clothing which should have been in my bag were, at this moment and until my return, completing their nonchalant airing on the bedroom radiator.)

From the airport I took the train to Trastevere station (pictured right, on Tuesday in the sun), close to both the hotel and the Sunday morning Porta Portese street market from where I’ve bought books before.  My original plan had been to take my bags to the hotel first, but as it was already after twelve, and the market was due to close at one, I thought I had better make my way there straightaway.  I was concerned that, in the growing deluge, the booksellers might have already struck camp, but we’re a hardy lot, and they were still man- and womanfully bearing up with the aid of a few sheets of polythene.  I purchases a few piles of the drier volumes and remedied my sartorial deficiencies  at the modest price three pairs for six euro, thus preserving the frugal nature of the expedition.

Thus encumbered,  I made my way carefully to the hotel.  Carefully, that is, in part owing to the notoriously random habits of Roman motorists, but principally due to those of their dogs.  The canines to be seen in Rome are, on the whole, relatively small, but the evidence suggests that each must deposit near its own bodyweight of waste matter onto the pavements daily.  Either that, or it has the consistency of one of those novelty flannels which increase dramatically in size when brought into contact with water.

Anyway, treading gently, for I trod upon the drains, and, with the aid of my excellent, albeit by now somewhat soggy Giunti street map (available here – that is, not my precious dried-out copy with the sellotape corsetting and the bookshops marked with biro crosses but a nice new one that you can deface in your own inimitable style ) I reached the  Rome Nice Room on the Via Daniello Bartoli.

Rarely can a room have been more appropriately, if less elegantly named.  Not only the room, but also the proprietors, were delightful, helpful, interested and happy to switch between Italian and English as the twists and turns of the conversation required. After a quick shower, in which red turned out to mean cold and red hot, in a demonstration of the arbitrary nature of the signifier worthy of Umberto Eco himself, I headed out again to cross the Tevere into the Eternal City itself.

Roman trams, rather unexpectedly, turned out to be newer and less atmospheric that the ones I took in Milan last year, and ones like this, decorated entirely in adverts for Glee, breathtakingly globalized.  However,  it glided swiftly and painlessly into the city and deposited me in front of the big Feltrinelli bookshop, so I abandoned, with only a small sigh, my nostalglia for pale wood and creaking iron, and revelled in the efficiency.

Choosing books at a market stall is largely a matter of luck; anything that isn’t obviously outrageously obscene, dull, outdated or overpriced is worth consideration.  By contrast, in a big bookshop almost everything would do; the difficulty is in second-guessing quite what you, our fellow readers and cari clienti, would pounce on most joyfully if you’d been there with me.  Parallel texts are always helpful, whether your first language is English or Italian, so I chose a few, including William Blake and T. S. Eliot, together with translations of Bill Bryson’s Story of Nearly Everything and Raymond Chandler’s Lady in the Lake.

I was, as always, acutely conscious of Aer Lingus baggage allowances and of the fact that I had another full day in Rome on Monday, so I limited myself to a small collection of newish fiction and, after a vague ramble and brief conversation with the cats of the Torre Argentina, headed back to the Nice Room.  One disadvantage of travelling alone is that going out in the evening isn’t much fun, so I’d eaten properly (grilled vegetables and pasta ai funghi) in Trastevere at lunchtime, and just picked up some pecorino, bread, tomatoes and wine to eat in the room in the evening.  It gave me the opportunity to remember exactly what Italian television is like, and, for, alas, the two are by no means incompatible, to enjoy the luxury of falling asleep ridiculously early.

to be continued…

* If this phrase fails to ring distant bells, may we prescribe a short dose of Master Molesworth – just type Willans or Searle into the search box of Crystal Bard Books (sorry, we don’t have any in Italian yet).

Only choking

A study reported on the Guardian environment pages today shows the link between children’s exposure to particles from vehicle exhausts and the likelihood of their developing pneumonia.   The research was carrried out by Professor Jonathan Grigg, who has studied the effects of air pollution upon children across the world, including indoor air pollution from stoves in developing countries.  He says, according to the article, that the risk of a child’s developing pneumonia could be up to 65% higher if he or she lives within a hundred metres of a major road.  Though we think of it as a condition of the elderly, around 20,000 children in the UK are admitted to hospital with pneumonia every year.  Of these, around seventy will die.  In 2008, for example, seventy-six people under the age of twenty died of pneumonia here – fifty-two of them babies and toddlers of three or under.  Even my arithmetic can work out that’s one a week. 

 

This is Barbara Maher of Lancaster University talking last year on the BBC website about exhaust particulates.  Unfortunately, small children don’t usually get the chance to take the wise precautions she recommends – especially when they are strapped into a car seat or buggy just at the height where particulate levels are most intense.  

Professor Grigg, who is hereby awarded the inaugural Decombustion Good Egg of the Week Award,  is hoping to set up a Centre for Children’s Environmental Health, the first in this country.  It shouldn’t cost more than a few lorryloads of swine flu vaccine…

A question of balance

This afternoon  I was packing M&S goodies into my rucksack and the dry bag I use on the back rack in this inclement weather (both from Alpkit, by the way, and surviving well, both around town and at Glastonbury) when the nice man at the checkout (Marks in Enniskillen have remarkably nice people at their checkouts) asked whether I wasn’t afraid that it would make my bike very wobbly to ride.

Now of all the myriad things I worry about, instability owing to moderate grocery haulage hasn’t so far featured very prominently.  Of course there have been times when I’ve been carried away by spatial optimism, overriding the little brain mechanism that tells me pretty infallably how much I can fit on my back and carrier, and ended up having to balance an evil carrier bag on the handlebars.  This isn’t recommended,  even apart from environmental considerations, unless the journey from the supermarket to your house is a gentle and unbroken curve with no need to stop, start again or turn in any radical manner.  But this was an extremely moderate load, undertaken primarily to use this week’s £5 off voucher and including no additional bags nor any ironing board, oil painting* or other sail-like structure liable to catch the prevailing wind and lead me where I would not go.  In these happy circumstances, so long as the bag is well bungeed to the rack and is itself strong enough to bear its contents (a post from eighteen months ago or so recounts my picking up potatoes from the middle of the road escapades),  there’s no reason for any unusual wobbles.

Front carriers can be a bit trickier, as we found when G and I rode hired bikes with front baskets to the Co-op  in Lucca and filled them with Tavernello and parmigiano.  Distinct meanderings there, and we hadn’t even broached the wine cartons… I suppose it’s simply the fact that anything on the front compromises the handlebars, whereas at the back the worst it can do is weigh down your back wheel so that, with a heavy load, you can relax at the traffic lights and find your front wheel making a bid for the stars.

A bit like this. The bike pictures, by the way, on this and the last post are from Jan Boonstra’s amazing collection of bicycle gifs.

*As we once (in Italy, of course) saw being transported by bike, under the rider’s arm.

The Tale of the Muttons Part IV

Just as the whales were getting really nervous, certain enterprising Unmerry Ones began digging in the ground for a new liquid* which they called “Oy y’all!” after the cry they uttered upon finding it. Oy y’all had, like Cole, taken hundreds of millions of years to form, and had once been tiny creatures and algae that had fallen to the prehistoric ocean floor and been buried under mud and sediment. Like Cole, it contained enormous reserves of energy, and like Cole, it was sold and burned as quickly as it could be pumped out of the ground. With the help of government tax breaks (not to be the last) Oy y’all, suitably refined, soon became the fuel of choice for Mutton lamps and lubrication.

There was one annoying by-product of the refining process, an extremely nasty form of Oy y’all which the Unmerry Ones called Gaz O’Lean and the Angry-Sackmen called Pet Roll. This stuff was too revolting for any use except to kill lice on Mutton children’s heads (what became of the children is not recorded) and most of it ended up being dumped in streams and rivers. This was irritating to the Oy y’all barons, not because they cared particularly what happened to streams and rivers (most of them would soon have their own swimming pools) but because the Gaz O’Lean wasn’t making them any money. Something would have to be done about that.

Meanwhile, back in the Old World, a quiet revolution was taking place. Two revolutions, to be exact, one a foot or so behind the other. For a long time far-sighted members of the flock had been toying with the idea of a Mutton-powered wheeled method of personal transport. They had begun by simply making a model of one of their four-legged friends, adding wheels where its hooves would have been, and scooting the contraption along with their feet. This had the dual effect of wearing out their shoes far more quickly than ordinary walking would have done, and of creating great hilarity among the Mutton onlookers.

But the visionaries were not down-hearted (a little bruised from time to time, but not downhearted) and over time they gradually got rid of the more anthropomorphic aspects of the contraption, replacing the animal’s body with a simple triangular framework, discarding two of the four wheels and adding pedals, brakes and air-filled tyres. The machine was no longer a hobby-horse, pedestrian curricle or velocipede; it was a Byk, and everybody wanted one. Even the Angry-Sackmen’s queen, a less bellicose monarch than old Bus, ordered a specimen of the three-wheeled variant to pedal herself around the palace gardens.

It wasn’t queens, though, or even the writers, artists and philosophers who took up Byking with such eccentric enthusiasm, who benefited most from the new invention. For the first time, ordinary Muttons, who could never have afforded to buy or look after a saddled animal of their own, could travel significantly further and faster than their feet could carry them. The Byk was, and still is, the most efficient form of Mutton transport ever, was cheap to buy and didn’t need stabling, feeding or rubbing down when it got too hot. The combination of the Byk and cheap train travel meant that city-dwelling Muttons no longer had to live in huddled hovels close to their workplaces; they could move out a few miles to healthier, more spacious houses where their children could breathe clean air and drink clean water. In the countryside, Muttons could Byk beyond their own villages in search of love, ending centuries of enfeebling inbreeding.

For female Muttons the Byk was especially liberating; suddenly they were throwing away the ridiculous tent-like contraptions they had been clothed in and exploring the world beyond the chaperonage of their fathers and husbands.

Of course, not everyone liked the Byk, least of all the wealthiest of male Muttons. What was the point of being stinking rich if it didn’t mean that you could travel further and faster than the slightly smelly poor? Where was the great benefit of masculinity if mere females were to revel in the same freedoms? Worst of all, the Byk was losing them money. More and more young Muttons were spending their free time pedalling about the countryside, spending almost nothing except a few pennies on a bit of bread and cheese. Sales of tobacco, alcohol and other luxuries were plummeting. There was money to be made in Byks themselves, of course, but it wasn’t the kind of easy pickings that the rich Muttons liked, not like the money gushing out of the ground in the form of Oy’all. Indeed, the name of one Oy’all-dealing Mutton, known as Flockaseller for his habit of bankrupting his neighbours, had already become synonymous with obscene and frankly ridiculous levels of wealth. There had to be something that Flockaseller and his cronies could do to get ordinary Muttons off their Byks and back to the important business of spending money they couldn’t afford on stuff they didn’t need. And if that something could involve getting rid of the unpleasant, unwanted Gaz O’Lean, so much the better.

*New to them, that was; other, quieter Muttons had been using it for four thousand years or so.

The Tale of the Muttons Part III

Meanwhile, a couple of hundred years earlier, certain of the Angry-Sackmen and their neighbours, who were being persecuted or oppressed or just felt like a change of scene, had taken to the big boats and travelled across the ocean.  There they reached a place they called the New World, though it had probably been there as long as the rest of the planet.  It was a green and fertile country full of  wholesome plants, diverse wildlife and peaceful Muttons who didn’t know about gunpowder or chicken-pox.
So very soon the travellers stopped being persecuted and oppressed and learned how to do a bit of p&o on their own account.  They became known as the Unmerry Ones, probably due to indigestion after eating the bison and wild turkeys.  The Unmerry Ones were a bit behind the Angry-Sackmen when it came to burning Cole, partly because they had inherited half a continent of virgin woodland and partly because a few million darker skinned Muttons had very kindly crossed the ocean to help out with the harvest.
But they were soon to catch up, with the help of some more ancient black stuff. It all started quietly enough.  For many centuries, especially since reading in bed had caught on, the Muttons had been experimenting with different ways of lighting their buildings.  They’d tried various vegetable oils, beeswax, tallow and lard (more inconvenience for their four-legged neighbours), alcohol, turpentine and whale blubber (most unfortunate of all for the whales, who were almost extinct on the planet after a few years).

The Tale of the Muttons Part II

The Angry-Sackmen had two main interests in life: selling things and fighting.  Their success in combining these was really quite impressive.  They could fight other tribes, steal all their stuff and then sell it back to them; fight other tribes because they wouldn’t buy the Angry-Sackmen’s stuff and even sell weapons to other tribes then fight them in order to get the weapons back again.  This was called making the planet a safer place.

Unfortunately, since the Angry-Sackmen lived on an island, all this selling and fighting needed a lot of big boats, and by the time of Good Queen Bus, who had a particular grudge against the nearby Spangles* the forests on the island were looking somewhat bald.  The rich therefore decided that the black stuff, which was now known as Cole, wasn’t so utterly infra dig after all, so long as it was only the servants who actually had to touch it.

Over the next few centuries, quite a lot changed for the Angry-Sackmen.  They found lots of new ways to make stuff and kill things (mainly other Muttons, but they also liked to find species that looked in danger of dying out and make quite sure of it).  Many of these new techniques had actually been used by other tribes for thousands of years, but because they lived in different parts of the planet and weren’t quite so keen on selling and fighting, the new ideas hadn’t reached the Angry-Sackmen before. Or sometimes the other Muttons had told the Angry-Sackmen all about their discoveries but the Angry-Sackmen hadn’t listened.  (The stories say that this was because the other Muttons had different coloured skins or  different names for their Divine Being, but I don’t expect you to believe anything quite as preposterous as that.  There must have been some rational reason that’s been lost in the translation. )

One of the things that the other Muttons had known about for hundreds of years was Cole, and how useful it could be, not only for keeping their homes warm but also for heating up metal to make things. It took the Angry-Sackmen a while to grasp the idea, but once they did, they certainly made up for lost time.

The interesting thing about Cole was that it was old; really, really old, far older than the Muttons themselves.  It had once, long ago, been simply masses of individual plants, but over hundreds of millions of years, covered with water and mud, the plants had  transformed themselves into this extraordinary rock.  You might expect that the Muttons, once they realized this, would have been stunned by the antiquity of Cole compared to their own short history, overawed by its power and potential and fascinated by the series of miracles that had brought it about.

Nah.  They just wanted to get it out of the ground and burned up as quickly as possible.  This didn’t always prove that easy.  To get hold of good quality Cole, the Muttons had to dig deep pits in their planet and go down with primitive tools to chop it out.  It was a dangerous business, with poisonous gases, tunnels ever likely to collapse, unexpected fires and underground watercourses ready to flood the mines and drown the Muttons working there.  It was in trying to suck this water out of the mines that the Muttons first used their latest invention: the Stee Men Djinn.

(click to see the Stee Men Djinn in action)

The jolly wheeze with the Stee Men Djinn, from the point of view of mine-owning Muttons, was that not only did it dry their pits, but it required lots and lots of Cole to keep it going.  Within a few years the Muttons were using the Djinn for everything; in their big boats, in self-powered coaches that ran on rails, and most of all in machines that could make more and more stuff to sell.  It  could make every dream come true; at least for the rich Muttons, the ones who owned the factories and travelled first class on the railways and steamships.  For the others, those sweating down in the mines and suffocating in the ceaseless factories, things weren’t quite so jolly.  But it was all Progress, and only the muddiest of sheep would bleat a complaint.  The Angry-Sackmen, despite being such a tiny island,  led the way in adoration of the Djinn; during what they called their nineteenth century they burned nearly half of all the Cole used anywhere on the planet.

*Her idea of a jolly dare was to send her boyfriends out to steal the Spangles’ stuff-laden boats. If they did it nicely, she made them into Knits; if not they were known as P’rats and forced to converse with parrots and drink quantities of rum quite in excess of the government’s recommended levels.